Drupal → Drupal 8 FAQ

$ composer require drush/drush

$ composer update drupal/core webflo/drupal-core-strict --with-dependencies
$ vendor/bin/drush updb

$ composer update drupal/core --with-dependencies
$ vendor/bin/drush updb

$ composer outdated

$ composer prohibits symfony/process

$ composer show --all drupal/devel

# Последняя стабильная версия
$ composer require drupal/devel
 
# Dev версия
$ composer require drupal/devel:1.x-dev

$ vendor/bin/drush generate module

// По имени роута
$link = \Drupal\Core\Link::createFromRoute('My link', 'entity.node.canonical', ['node' => 123]);
 
// По пути
$url = \Drupal\Core\Url::fromUri('base:path/to/target');
$link = \Drupal\Core\Link::fromTextAndUrl('My link', $url);

<?php
namespace Drupal\modulename\Controller;
 
use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerBase;
 
class ModulenameController extends ControllerBase {
  public function helloWorld() {
    return [
      '#markup' => 'Hello, World!',
    ];
  }
}

modulename.hello_world:
  path: '/hello/world'
  defaults:
    _controller: '\Drupal\modulename\Controller\ModulenameController::helloWorld'
    _title: 'Hello, World!'
  requirements:
    _permission: 'access content'

$ vendor/bin/drush generate controller

<?php
namespace Drupal\modulename\Plugin\Block;
 
use Drupal\Core\Block\BlockBase;
 
/**
 * @Block(
 *   id = "hello_world_block",
 *   admin_label = @Translation("Hello world block"),
 * )
 */
class HelloWorldBlock extends BlockBase {
  public function build() {
    return array(
      '#markup' => 'Hello, World!',
    );
  }
}

$ vendor/bin/drush generate block

modulename.settings:
  title: 'Modulename settings'
  description: 'Settings for modulename.'
  parent: system.admin_config_system
  route_name: modulename.settings

$site_mail = \Drupal::config('system.site')->get('mail');

$ vendor/bin/drush cache-rebuild

drupal_flush_all_caches();

// Для отступов используется два пробела
function example() {
  $foo = 'bar';
}
 
// Между бинарными операторами ставится пробел
$a = 1 + 2; // Good
$a=1+2; // Bad
 
// Блок elseif/else начинается с новой строки
if (...) {
  ...
}
elseif (...) {
  ...
}
else {
  ...
}
 
// Массивы создаются с помощью короткого синтаксиса
$array = ['foo', 'bar']; // Good
$array = array('foo', 'bar'); // Bad
 
// Строки заключаются в одиночные кавычки
$string = 'foo'; // Good
$string = "foo"; // Bad
 
// Переменные именуются с помощью нижнего подчёркивания
$my_variable = 'foo'; // Good
$myVariable = 'foo'; // Bad
 
// Названия классов именуются в CamelCase
class MyFirstClass { }
 
// Переменные класса именуются в camelCase
class MyFirstClass {
  public $myFirstVariable;
}

if (!$node->field_example->isEmpty()) {
  ...
}

if ($node->hasField('field_example')) {
  ...
}

if (\Drupal::service('router.admin_context')->isAdminRoute()) {
  ...
}

// Системный адрес. Аналог current_path().
$current_system_path = \Drupal::service('path.current')->getPath();
 
// Синоним адреса. Аналог request_path().
$current_system_path = \Drupal::service('path.current')->getPath();
$current_path_alias = \Drupal::service('path.alias_manager')->getAliasByPath($current_system_path);
 
// Полный путь из строки браузера, с GET параметрами. Аналог request_uri().
$current_request_uri = \Drupal::request()->getRequestUri();

\Drupal::messenger()->addMessage('Hello World!');

use Drupal\Component\Utility\Timer;
 
Timer::start('test');
sleep(1);
$time = Timer::read('test') . ' ms';

\Drupal::logger('modulename')->info('Hello World!');
\Drupal::logger('modulename')->error('It\'s error');

/**
 * Implements hook_page_attachments().
 */
function modulename_page_attachments(array &$page) {
  $page['#attached']['library'][] = 'modulename/libraryname';
}

/** @var \Drupal\Core\Session\AccountProxyInterface $current_user */
$current_user = \Drupal::currentUser();

$current_user_uid = \Drupal::currentUser()->id();
/** @var \Drupal\user\Entity\User $current_user */
$current_user = \Drupal\user\Entity\User::load($current_user_uid);

if (\Drupal::currentUser()->isAnonymous()) {
  ...
}

if (\Drupal::currentUser()->hasPermission('administer site configuration')) {
  ...
}

// $_GET
$nid = \Drupal::request()->request->get('nid');
$all_get_params = \Drupal::request()->request->all();
 
// $_POST
$nid = \Drupal::request()->query->get('nid');
$all_post_params = \Drupal::request()->query->all();
 
// $_COOKIE
$nid = \Drupal::request()->cookies->get('nid');
$all_cookie_params = \Drupal::request()->cookies->all();

$string = \Drupal\Component\Utility\Html::escape('<b>Hello</b>'); // Переменная будет содержать "&lt;b&gt;Hello&lt;/b&gt;"

$string = new \Drupal\Component\Render\FormattableMarkup('My name is: @name', [
  '@name' => $name,
]);

$string = new \Drupal\Component\Render\FormattableMarkup('My name is: @name', [
  '@name' => \Drupal\Core\Render\Markup::create('<b>Dries</b>'),
]);

$string = \Drupal::translation()->formatPlural(123, '@count day', '@count days');

$node = \Drupal::routeMatch()->getParameter('node');

$date_start = $node->field_daterange->start_date;
$date_end = $node->field_daterange->end_date;
$days_between_dates = $date_end->diff($date_start)->format('%d');

if ($node->title->getDataDefinition() instanceof BaseFieldDefinition) {
  // Поле title является базовым
}
if ($node->field_example->getDataDefinition() instanceof FieldConfigInterface) {
  // Поле field_example является настраиваемым
}

{% if not node.field_example.isEmpty() %}
   field_example is not empty
{% endif %}

{{ content.field_example }}

{{ content.field_example.0 }}

{{ node.field_example.value }}
 
{# Или так, если в значении поля есть html код (небезопасно!) #}
{{ node.field_example.value|raw }}

/**
 * Preprocess function for html.html.twig.
 */
function THEMENAME_preprocess_html(&$vars) {
  $vars['#attached']['drupalSettings']['path']['currentThemePath'] = $vars['directory'];
}

my-library-name:
  js: ...
  dependencies:
    - core/drupalSettings

$current_theme = \Drupal::service('theme.manager')->getActiveTheme();
$current_theme_name = $current_theme->getName();

$default_theme_name = \Drupal::config('system.theme')->get('default');

libraries:
  - themename/libraryname

$node = \Drupal\node\Entity\Node::load(123);
 
// Render-array поля, прошедшего через field.html.twig
$field_example_build = $node->field_example->view('full');
// Render-array первого значения поля, прошедшего через форматтер
$field_example_build = $node->field_example[0]->view('full');

$node = \Drupal\node\Entity\Node::load(123);
$node_view_builder = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getViewBuilder('node');
$node_build = $node_view_builder->view($node, 'teaser');

/**
 * Implements hook_theme().
 */
function MYMODULE_theme() {
  return [
    'my_template' => array(
      'variables' => [
        'my_variable' => NULL,
      ],
    ),
  ];
}

<div class="my-template">{{ my_variable }}</div>

$variables['my_html_var'] = \Drupal\Core\Render\Markup::create('<b>Hello</b> <i>World</i>');

{% if my_array is not empty %}
  ...
{% endif %}

// modulename.module
 
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
 
/**
 * Implements hook_form_FORM_ID_alter(): user_register_form.
 */
function modulename_form_user_register_form_alter(&$form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
  $form['terms_of_use'] = [
    '#type' => 'checkbox',
    '#title' => t('I agree with terms and conditions.'),
    '#required' => TRUE,
  ];
}

<?php
namespace Drupal\modulename\Form;
 
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormBase;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
 
class ExampleForm extends FormBase {
  public function getFormId() {
    return 'example_form';
  }
 
  public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $form['example_text'] = [
      '#type' => 'textfield',
      '#title' => $this->t('Text'),
    ];
    $form['submit'] = [
      '#type' => 'submit',
      '#value' => $this->t('Submit'),
    ];
    return $form;
  }
 
  public function submitForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $text = $form_state->getValue('example_text');
  }
}

$ vendor/bin/drush generate form-simple

/**
 * @Block(
 *   id = "my_block_with_form",
 *   admin_label = @Translation("My block with form"),
 *   category = @Translation("Forms")
 * )
 */
class MyBlockWithForm extends BlockBase {
  public function build() {
    return [
      'form' => \Drupal::formBuilder()->getForm('Drupal\modulename\Form\ExampleForm')
    ];
  }
}

vendor/bin/drush generate form-config

foreach (\Drupal\Core\Render\Element::children($form) as $key) {
  debug($form[$key]);
}